Engine



Julyz, 1929. f ASMA ETAL 1,719,562

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ENGINE Filed March 19, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 GX u) gf/mentors l AdrianoSala @Hanau Giovanni Rinald Patented July 2, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDRIANO SALA AND GIOVANNI RINALDI, OF SOUTH PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY.

ENGINE.

Application filed March 19, 1928. Serial No. 262,906.

lThe present invention relates generally to engines either of theinternal combustion type or steam type and has for its primaryob'ject toprovide a reciprocating piston on the well known type of Horsfall shaft,that is a shaft having a pair of spiral grooves formed therein, saidgrooves being spiralled in opposite directions and a pistonreciprocatable along the shaft and havingl means to cause the shaft torotate in but a single direction.

Another very important object of the invention resides in theprovision'of an engine of this nature having a highly novel pistonstructure.

A still further very important object of the invention resides in theprovision of va piston on a double spirally grooved vshaft and ballbearing means disposed between the 'piston and the shaft for causing theconstant rotation of the shaft.

Another very important object of the in-v vention resides in theprovision of a unit of this nature having spring buffers at the ends ofthe piston about the shaft to assist the rpiston in its change ofdirection when reciprocating back and forth.

Another important object of the invention resides in the provision of aninternal combustion engine of the tractor type, of the unit mentionedabove in combination with a compressor operatively connected in a novelmanner with the piston for operation thereb yA still further veryimportant object of the invention resided in the provision of an enginewhich attains the maximum of power by doing away with connecting rods,crank shafts, and other parts Vused in engines now in common use. v

A still further very important object of the invention resides in theprovision of an engine of' this type which is comparatively simple inits construction, compact and con-. vonient in its arrangement of parts,strong and durable, thoroughly eflicient and reliable in operation, easyto assemble and disassemble, not likely to easily become out of order,and otherwise well adapted to the purpose for which it is designed,

lith the above and numerous other objects in view as will appear as thedescription proceeds, the invention resides in certain novel features ofconstruction, in the vcombination and arrangement lof parts ascombustion engine of the two cycle type em! bodying the features of thisinvention, Y Figures 2 and 3 are end elevations thereof,

Figure 4 is a fragmentary horizontalsection therethrough,

Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section therethrough, Figure G is aside elevation of the pistons showing portions in section,

Figure 7 is atransverse section, and vFigure S'is a detail sectionthrough our driving member to shown the conventional pawl and rachetmechanism.

Referring to the'drawings in detail it will i' be seen that the numeral5 denotes a cylinder having a fixed head 6 at'one end and a removablehead 7 atthe other end, the cylinder and head .being jacketed as at8 forthe circulation of water to function as a cooling medium. A doublespirally grooved shaft 9 has one end journalled in the center of thehead 6 as at 10 and the other end journaled through the center of thehead 7 as at 11 and is provided with a plane extension r12 having a gear14; thereon for cranking purposes by any suitable or preferred means. Apiston P is mounted for reciprocation on the 'shaftl 9 within thecylinder. This piston comprises a pairof hollowsections 15 and 16 havingrespectively flanges 17 and 18` threadedly engaged the former over thelatter. Bearings 19 arein the sections 15 and 16 and have ball bearings20 therein for receiving 'driving'membe'rs 21 `21 having ribs 22cooperat-y ing with the spiral groove of the shaft 9.

The drivingmember -21 is free to rotate in one direction only, and theother member'Zl being free to rotate in the' other direction only,because of conventional pawl and ratchet means 20 (see Fig. 8) so thatas they piston P 'reciprocates back and forth in the cylinder the shaft9 will be driven constantly in but a single direction.

A cylinder 23 is secured in any suitable manner such as at 2dr-'to thehead 6 and has a head 26 at the end remote from the head 6. A )iston 27reci rocates back and forth in the cy inder 23,' lands r2.8 are. fixedte the piston 27 i which continues to rotate, but the action of thepiston 27 is delayed.

Bumper springs 33 are disposed about the shaft 9 one at each end of thepiston P. A carbureter 34 of conventional construction conununicatesbysuitable structure 35 with the interior of the cylinder' 23 at the endthereof as is indicated at 3G' and 37. A pipe 39 has a branch 40 leadingfrom the head 26 of the cylinder 23 and a. branch 41 leads from theother end of the cylinder 23.

These branches are provided with check valves 42. The pipe 39 ispreferably composed along the cylinder 8 and communicates with anopening 43 in the head 7 which leads into a passage 44 formed in thewall of the cylinder' 8 and terminating inwardly at the center thereofto communicate with the interior of the cylinder. An exhaust pipe 45leads from the bottom center of the cylinder 8. Spark plugs 46 areengaged in the. cylinder one at each end thereof. A water pump 47 isgeared in any suitable'manner to the shaft 9 and a distributor 48 isalso geared thereto in a suitable manner for causing the energiZat-ionof theparts at the proper time.

Starting with the piston in the position shown in Figure 5 it will beseen that the gases compresses between the right hand end of the pistonP and the head 7 and when the right hand spark plug is energized the gas`will explode driving the piston to the left. As the piston moves to theleft it will compress gas to the left thereofbetween its left hand y endand the head 6 and close the communicaand the pipe 45 so that there willbe a new CII rush of gas and an outrush of burnt gas. AThus the engineoperates on the usual well known two cycle principle.

As the piston moves back and forth, of course, the Horsfall shaft 9 willbe rotated in one direction. The buffer springs 33 will assist the'piston in changing direction of its movement. The piston P is preventedfrom rotation by means of lugs 46 projecting outwardly therefrom andoperating with the grooves 47 provided in the inner surface of the wallsof the cylinder 8. The piston P is provided with conventional pistonrings 48. As the piston moves to the left in the above description itwill be seen that as soon as the spring 32 moves to the right of theshoulder 31 engage the section 16 lof the piston 27 will start to moveto the left causing the fuel gases to the left thereof to be forced outthrough the branches 40 at the same time sucking in fresh gas to theright of the piston 27. As the piston P moves to the right and thespring 32 moves to the left of the shoulder 31 engages the section15-15` the piston 27 will start moving to the right so as to Vsuck ingas from the carbureter to the left of the piston 27 and compress thegas to the right thereof and force it out through branch 41. The gasesforced in branches 40 and 41 are forced through vthe pipe` 39 underpressure and through the opening and into the cylinder 5 as previouslyindicated.

The pipe 39 is preferably provided with a check valve 50 at its actionwith the opening 43 in the head 7.

The important features of the invention resides in the cooperation ofthe piston P with the shaft 9 and this 4unit may be used in a speed.engine or the like with equal etliciency and reliability as in the twocycle internal combustion engine which we have described above for thepurpose of giving an operative example of our important units.

It is thought that the construction, operation, and advantages of thisinvention will now be quite apparent to those skilled in this artwithout a more detailed description thereof. The present embodiment ofthe invention has been disclosed merely for the purpose ofexemplification since in actual practice it will attain the features ofadvantage enumerated as desirable inthe statement of the invention andthe above description.

It will be apparent that changes in the de tails of construction, and inthe con'ibination and arrangement of parts `may be resorted to withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the invention as hereinafterclaimed or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new is:

1. In an engine unit, and in combination7 a double spirally groovedshaft, means for rotatably mounting the shaft, a piston recip rocable onthe shaft, said piston being sectional and having threadedlyT connectedflanges on its section, driving elements in the piston, one in thesection, said elements being cooperatively associated with the shaft bymeans of ribsoperating in the grooves of the shaft, one clement beingfree tol rotate only in one direction and the other element being freeto rotate only in the other direction, a cylinder' in which said pistonis reciprocable and in which said shaft is journaled, and buffer springsdisposed at the ends of the piston about the shaft for assisting thepiston in changing its direction during recilrnz'ecaf tion.

Cit

2. In an engine unit, and in combination, a double spirally groovedshaft, means for rotatably mounting the shaft, a piston reciprocableinthe shaft, said piston ,being sectional and having threadedlyconnected flanges on its section, said elements being cooperating in thegrooves of the shaft, one element being free to rotate only in onedirection and the other element being free to rotate only in the otherdirection, ball bearing mounts in the piston section for said element, acylinder in which said piston is reciprocable and in which said shaft isjournaled, and buffer springs disposed at the ends of the piston aboutthe shaft for assisting the piston in changing the direction duringreciprocation.

3. In an engine unit, and in combination, a. double spirally groovedshaft, means for rotatably mounting the shaft, a piston reciprocable inthe shaft, said piston being sectional and having threadedly connectedflanges on its section, said elements being cooperating in the groovesof the shaft, one element being free to rotate only in one direction andthe other element being free to rotate only in the other direction, ballbearing mounts in the piston section for said element, a cylinder inwhich said piston is reciprocable and in which said shaft is journaled,and buffer springs disposed at the ends of the piston about the shaftfor assisting the piston in changing the direction during reciprocation,a. compressor cylinder on one end of the first mentioned cylinder, apiston, reciprocable in the compressor cylinder, rods connected to thecompressor piston and eX- tending into the first mentioned cylinder, anda lost motion connection between the rods and the first mentionedpiston. l

4. In an engine unit, and in combination, a double spirally groovedshaft, means for rotatably ,mounting the shaft, a piston reciprocable inthe shaft, said piston being sectional and having threadedly connectedflanges on its section, said elements being cooperating in the groovesof the shaft, one element being free to rotate only in one direction andthe other element being free to rotate only in the'other direction, ballbearing mounts in the piston section for said element, a cylinder inwhich' said piston is reciprocable and in which said shaft visjournaled, and buffer springs disposed at the ends of the piston aboutthe shaft for assisting the piston in changing the direction duringreciproca-tion, a compressor cylinder on one end of the first mentionedcylinder, a

shoulders on the rods between the first mentioned piston.

5. In an engine unit, and in combination, a double spirally groovedshaft, means for rotatably mounting the shaft, a piston reciprocable inthe shaft, said piston being sectional and having threadedly connectedflanges on its section, saidelements being cooperating in the grooves ofthe shaft, one element being free to rotate only in one direction andthe other element being free to rotate only in the other direction, ballbearing mounts in the piston section for said element,

a cylinder in which said piston is reciprocable and in which said shaftis journaled and buffer springs disposed at the ends of t-he pistonabout the shaft for assisting the piston in changing the directionduring reciprocation, a compressor cylinder on one end of the firstmentioned cylinder, a piston reciprocable in the compressor cylinder,rods connected to the compressor piston and extending into the s firstmentioned cylinder, and a lost motion connection between the rods andthe first mentioned piston, said connection being provided by means ofprovision of openings inthe first mentioned piston through which therods are slidable, shoulders on the rods between the first mentionedpiston, springs on the rods one to each side of each shoulder.

6. In an engine unit, and in combination, a double spirally groovedshaft, means for rotatably mount-ing the shaft, a piston reciprocable inthe shaft, said piston being sectional and having threadedly connectedflanges on its section, said elements being cooperating in the groovesof the shaft, one element being free to rotate only in one direction andthe other element being free to rotate only in the other direction, ballbearing mounts in the piston section for said element, a cylinder inwhich said piston is reciprocable and in which said shaft is journaled,and buffer springs disposed at the ends of the piston about the shaftfor assisting the piston in changing the direc-` tion duringreciprocation, a compressor cylinder on one end of the first mentionedcylinder, a piston reciprocable in the compressor cylinder, rodsconnected to the compressor piston and extending into the firstmentioned cylinder, and a lost motion connection between the rods andthe first mentioned piston, said connection being provided by means of aprovision of openings in the first mentioned piston through which therods are slidable, shoulder on the rods between the first mentionedpiston, springs on the rods one to each side of each shoulder, sparkplugs-engaged in the ends of the first mentioned cylinder, in-

take means leading from the compressor to the centerof the firstcylinder.

In testimony whereof we afiix our signai tures.

ANDRIANO SALA. GIOVANNI RINALDI.

